论文总字数：29569字

摘 要

随着世界经济的发展，我国经济制度也在不断的改进，现代企业的运营和管理需要更多人的关注。企业的经营者、股东、债权人需要更加密切的关注企业各项经营指标和经营状况，了解企业发展走向。但是需要的数据庞大，而财务报表作为精炼的文字报告，能够全面概括企业的过往数据、运营过程中的利得和损失，对企业的经营质量的考核以及未来发展的预判有很重大的帮助。此外，财务报告具有客观性，也给予了政府管理者一个非常可靠的监督渠道。因此我们可以通过财务报表的分析来了解一家企业在一定时间范围内的资产状况以及经营活动的动向。

本文以苏宁易购有限公司为例，结合2016-2018年的财务报表数据展开分析。首先对苏宁易购所在的行业——零售业，通过结合一些报告进行了深度分析。其次，对处于这个行业中的苏宁易购的财务现状以及财报状况进行了研究。从苏宁财报中的四张表格出发，通过计算一定的财务指标对苏宁的盈利、偿债、运营以及可持续发展能力进行深入、全面的考察。通过比较近三年来的数据及行业水平，对苏宁2018年的经营状况做一个全面总结，最后对发现的问题和经营漏洞提出优化建议。

通过研究发现：苏宁易购对经营活动中所发生的债务的偿还能力和速度，以及对债权人的保障程度有所提升并能保持住稳定的水平，企业的营业利润率也是在逐年小幅递增，对自身资产的利用效率也有很好的保障，提高了利用水平。但是主营业务所产生的应收账款收回速度却不是很理想，会影响企业的利润增长，经营活动现金流量也未能维持一个良好的状态。需要企业通过强有力的应收政策来加快收回速度，并调整自身投融资金额，以一个合理的资金结构巩固苏宁未来的发展。

关键词：零售业；财务报表分析；财务分析方法

Analysis of Suning Tesco's Financial Statements

Abstract

With the development of the world economy, China's economic system is constantly improving, and the operation and management of modern enterprises need more attention. Enterprise managers, shareholders, and creditors need to pay closer attention to the company's various operating indicators and operating conditions, and understand the company's development trend. But the required data is huge, and the financial statements as a refined text report can comprehensively summarize the past data of the enterprise, the gains and losses in the operation process, and are of great help to the assessment of the company's operating quality and the prediction of future development. In addition, the financial report is objective, and it also gives government managers a very reliable channel for supervision. Therefore, we can understand the asset status of a company within a certain time frame and the trend of business activities through the analysis of financial statements.

This article takes Suning Tesco Co., Ltd. as an example to analyze the financial statements from 2016 to 2018. First of all, the industry in which Suning Tesco is located-the retail industry-was analyzed in depth by combining some reports. Secondly, the financial status and financial report status of Suning Tesco in this industry are studied. Starting from the four tables in Suning's financial report, through a calculation of certain financial indicators, Suning's profitability, debt repayment, operation and sustainable development capabilities are thoroughly and comprehensively investigated. By comparing the data and industry level in the past three years, Suning's 2018 operating situation is comprehensively summarized, and finally, suggestions for optimization of the discovered problems and operating loopholes are proposed.

Through research, it is found that: Suning Tesco's ability and speed of repayment of debts incurred in operating activities, as well as the degree of protection for creditors, have been improved and can maintain a stable level. The utilization efficiency of its own assets is also well protected, which improves the utilization level. However, the recovery rate of accounts receivable generated by the main business is not very satisfactory, which will affect the profit growth of the enterprise, and the cash flow of operating activities has not maintained a good state. Enterprises need to speed up the recovery through a strong receivable policy, adjust their investment and financing amounts, and consolidate Suning's future development with a reasonable capital structure.

Keywords: Retail Trade; Financial Statement Analysis; Financial Analysis Methods

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章、绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2研究意义 1

1.3研究的思路及内容 1

1.4全文结构框架 2

第二章、本文相关理论与概念 3

2.1财务报表 3

2.1.1资产负债表 3

2.1.2现金流量表 3

2.1.3利润表 3

2.1.4所有者权益变动表 3

2.2财务报表分析方法 3

2.2.1盈利能力 3

2.2.2偿债能力 4

2.2.3营运能力 4

2.2.4可持续发展能力 5

第三章、我国互联网零售行业现状分析 5

3.1我国互联网零售行业发展现状 5

3.2主要互联网零售企业发展现状 7

3.3苏宁易购财务报表分析研究现状 8

第四章、苏宁易购财务现状分析 9

4.1苏宁易购简介 9

4.2苏宁易购财务报表现状分析 9

4.2.1资产负债表概况 9

4.2.2利润表概况 10

4.2.3现金流量表概况 11

4.2.4所有者权益变动表概况 12

第五章、苏宁易购财务报表分析 13

5.1苏宁易购盈利能力分析 13

5.1.1营业利润率分析 13

5.1.2成本费用利润率分析 13

5.1.3净资产收益率分析 14

5.2苏宁易购偿债能力分析 14

5.2.1短期偿债能力分析 14

5.2.2长期偿债能力分析 15

5.3苏宁易购营运能力分析 15

5.3.1流动资产周转分析 15

5.3.2固定资产周转分析 16

5.3.3总资产周转分析 16

5.4苏宁易购可持续发展能力分析 17

5.4.1资产资本成长分析 17

5.4.2营业收益成长分析 17

第六章、结论及建议 18

6.1苏宁易购报表分析发现的问题 18

6.1.1经营活动产生现金流量下降过快 18

6.1.2资本保值增值不利, 运营效益受到打击 18

6.1.2应收账款收回速度较慢 18

6.1.4资本积累缓慢, 资金结构不良 18

6.2解决对策 19

6.2.1苏宁应调整投融资金额, 支持经营活动需要 19

6.2.2扩大销售、加快周转, 提高资产周转效率 19

6.2.3针对不同情况的应收账款制定政策, 保持资产的价值 19

6.2.4拓宽资本积累渠道, 保证资本积累数量 19

结 语 20

参考文献 21

致 谢 22

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