南京市基础教育设施空间分布特征分析

论文总字数：24117字

摘 要

教育问题从古至今都是人类关注的重点，城市基础教育设施的布局是否合理、分配是否公平一直都是家长们关注的焦点。目前我国基础教育设施空间分布的不均衡问题较为严重。要减少由于基础教育设施空间分布不均引起的如长距离跨区域入学造成的额外交通量或热炒“学区房”哄抬房价等不必要的社会成本，就有必要对城市基础教育设施空间分布的合理性进行深入的研究，找到其分布不合理之处并进行适当的调整。

本论文应用GIS空间分析方法定量计算区域教育资源的空间覆盖率数值，结合Huff模型，从适龄人口数量与学校教育资源和规模等因素出发，对基础教育设施空间分布情况进行分析，并将其结果与从就近入学的视角出发的使用传统的缓冲区分析方法得到的结果相对比，找出两种方法的结果表现出的不同，并分析造成这些不同的原因。

南京市中心城区人口多、密度大，学校密集，而各分区之间差异明显。本论文以南京市中心城区为例进行实证分析，探究南京市中心城区总体范围和分区范围小学、初中的分布情况，对基础教育资源的空间分布的合理性进行分析，分析南京市中心城区基础教育设施空间分布的特征以及造成基础教育设施空间分布呈现这种特征的原因。

研究结论如下：

（1）单从出行距离而言，主城区教育设施布局远远优于其他副城；

（2）考虑人口因素，居住在人口密度低的周边区域比居住在学校密集的主城区的居民在获得教育资源上更有优势；

（3）重点学校与总体布局特征相似，小学与初中布局特征相似。

关键词：基础教育设施，空间布局，Huff模型

A STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF BASIC EDUCATION FACILITIES IN CENTRAL NANJING CITY

Abstract

Education is the focus of all members of the public since ancient times. Whether the layout of urban basic education facilities is equitable or not has always been of the parents’ attention. At present, the spatial distribution of basic educational facilities in our country is not balanced. In order to reduce the social cost due to the irrational spatial distribution of basic education facilities such as extra volume of traffic and overtop housing price, we shall study the spatial distribution of urban basic educational facilities，find the remaining problem and do some adjustment .

In this study, spatial analysis method based on GIS is used for the quantitative calculation of the spatial distribution of basic education facilities, combining the Huff model, which takes the school-age population number and school education resources and the scale factors into consideration. The study also uses buffer model to do such analyze, to find the differences between the results of the two different methods and find the causation.

The center of Nanjing city has a high population density, and a huge number of schools are gathered here. This study focus on the spatial distribution of urban basic education facilities in central Nanjing city. It discuss the layout of elementary school and junior high school and analyze the rationality of the spatial distribution of urban basic education facilities accordingly. After that, this paper points out the features of the spatial distribution of urban basic education facilities and the causation.

The conclusions are as follows:

(1) On the travel distance front, the distribution of education facilities in central downtown is much better than that of the sub-cities;

(2) When taking population into consideration, people live in sub-cities where the population density is low have more advantage to get access to educational resources than those live in central downtown;

(3) The distribution of key schools is similar to that of all schools, and the distribution of primary schools is similar to that of junior high schools.

KEY WORDS: Basic education facilities, spatial distribution, Huff model

目 录

摘要.......................................................................................................................................Ⅰ

Abstract...............................................................................................................................Ⅱ

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 研究背景与意义 1

1.2 基础教育设施空间布局研究现状 1

1.2.1布局现状研究 1

1.2.2布局规划研究 2

1.3常用研究方法 3

1.4研究目标与主要研究内容 3

第二章 研究区域概况及数据来源 5

2.1 南京市中心城区概况 5

2.2 数据来源 7

第三章 研究方法 8

3.1 Huff模型 8

3.2 本论文中Huff模型的运用 9

第四章 数据分析 10

4.1运用缓冲区方法评价服务水平 10

4.2运用Huff模型评价服务水平 17

第五章 结论与展望 24

5.1 主要研究结论 24

5.2 研究特色与创新点 24

5.3 研究不足与展望 24

致谢 25

参考文献（References） 26

绪 论

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