基于GIS的生境连通性评估与斑块划分方法研究

论文总字数：35227字

摘 要

近年来，随着经济的快速发展和城市化进程的加快，人工用地面积不断扩张，道路等基础设施的建设密度逐步增大，资源的开采和利用过度，给生态环境带来巨大压力，不仅严重破坏了野生动物的栖息地，还导致种群间难以进行个体交换，加快了其灭绝速度。研究生境连通性有助于野生动物保护，传统的研究手段在调查收集地理数据方面需要很大的人力、物力资源，且会受到自然环境的限制，地理信息系统技术可以高效的实现对时空数据的收集、整理、存储及展示，且能够支持复杂的空间分析，在评估生境连通性方面有很大优势。因此，本文以濒危动物滇金丝猴为例，基于地理信息系统技术探究适宜猴群生存的斑块，分析生境连通性，为保护区的规划或生态恢复提供理论支持，以期实现对滇金丝猴的有效保护。

本文首先选取了七个影响滇金丝猴活动的因素：植被类型、海拔、坡度、坡向、距水系距离、距居民点距离、距道路距离，基于层次分析法评估猴群的综合活动能力，并创新性的提出一种斑块划分方法，结合现有猴群的栖息地分布、保护区设立对划分结果进行分析讨论。结果表明，生境受到的破坏较为严重，需要实施有针对性的策略加以保护。在连通性分析中，本文运用最低成本路径和电路理论，识别适宜斑块间的生态走廊、夹点和屏障，并根据研究成果提出提高生境连通性的方法，对野生动物保护有一定的参考价值。

关键词：连通性；生态走廊；适宜斑块；最低成本路径；电路理论

Study on GIS-based Habitat Connectivity Assessment and Patch Division Method

——Take Yunnan snub-nosed monkey as an example

ABSTRACT

In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization process, the continuous expansion of artificial land area, the gradual increase of the construction density of roads and other infrastructures, the excessive exploitation and utilization of resources, the ecological environment faced with tremendous pressure. These not only seriously damaged the habitat of wild animals, but also made it difficult for species to exchange individuals, accelerating their extinctions. Studying habitat connectivity is conducive to wildlife conservation. Traditional research methods require lots of human and material resources in the investigation and collection of geographic data, and are limited by natural environment. Geographic information system technology can efficiently collect, organize, store and display spatio-temporal data, and can support complex spatial analysis. It has great advantages in assessing habitat connectivity. Therefore, based on geographic information system technology, this paper takes the endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey as an example to explore the suitable patches for the survival of monkeys, analyze the habitat connectivity, and provide theoretical support for the planning or ecological restoration of the reserve, in order to achieve effective protection of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys.

This paper selected seven factors affecting the activities of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys including: vegetation types, elevation, slope gradient, slope aspect, distance to water, distance to rural settlements, and distance to roads. Based on the analytic hierarchy process, this paper proposes an innovative approach to divide patches and analyses the results by combining the habitat distribution of the existing monkeys and establishment of reserves. The results showed that the habitat was seriously damaged, and needed to be protected by targeted strategies. In the connectivity analysis, this paper identifies the suitable ecological corridors, pinch points and barriers between patches by using the minimum cost path and circuit theory. According to the research results, the author puts forward the method to improve the habitat connectivity, which has some reference value for wildlife protection.

Key words: connectivity; ecological corridors; suitable patches; the lowest cost path; the circuit theory

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1 适宜生境斑块划分方法 2

1.2.2 野生动物生境连通性研究方法 3

1.2.3 目前研究存在的不足 4

1.3 论文研究内容 4

1.4 论文研究难点及技术路线 4

1.5 论文的组织结构 7

第二章 滇金丝猴活动能力影响模型 8

2.1 研究区域简介 8

2.2 单因子评价模型构建 8

2.3 基于层次分析法的多因子评价模型构建 13

2.4 本章小结 16

第三章 滇金丝猴适宜活动斑块划分模型 17

3.1 斑块划分模型构建 17

3.2 斑块划分结果分析 18

3.3 本章小结 20

第四章 基于电路理论的生境连通性分析 21

4.1 相关理论概述 21

4.1.1 生态走廊概述 21

4.1.2 基于最小成本距离的扩散走廊 21

4.1.3 电路理论概述 22

4.2 最小成本走廊分析 24

4.2.1 适宜活动斑块间的走廊分析 24

4.2.2 现有猴群与适宜斑块之间的迁徙走廊 26

4.3 基于电路理论的连通性分析 26

4.4 夹点和屏障识别 27

4.5 本章小结 31

第五章 总结与展望 32

5.1 研究内容和主要结论 32

5.1.1 适宜活动斑块的划分 32

5.1.2 滇金丝猴生境连通性分析 32

5.2 研究展望 33

致 谢 34

参考文献 35

第一章 绪论

1.1研究背景及意义

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