论文总字数：18166字

摘 要

zhanhe林业局通信覆盖地区为山区，且多处无动力电源，根据zhanhe林业局的地貌考虑，系统选择合适的路由及组网方式。本系统电话号码的编码方式依据当地PSTN网电话号码位长进行编码，用户相互进行等位拨号。本方案对各基站塔高及天线高度进行了可靠的理论计算。在基站通信网的组织结构这一方面，整个通信干线建设体系采用“CNT--07”无线接入设备为骨干设备，选定zhanhe林业局、maolan、wusimeng三点作为基站建设点，利用等高线绘制出zhanhe林业局--maolan平面图和maolan--wusimeng平面图。微波传输系统采用“W0063-2”系列数字微波用于连接基站之间2Mbit/s的数据传输，是连接PSTN网的传输干线。zhanhe地区供电困难，maolan、wusimeng及各通信点均无交直流电源，这给方案设计带来一定的困难。通信系统的微波路由可靠性是设计过程中所考虑的一个极为重要的因素，通常用系统增益Gs来估算通信系统的可能性。本课题起步阶段通过对系统增益的估算，为数字微波通信信道设备的选型提供可靠的理论依据。对于本通信工程共享信道可靠性的估算，对于公用网的数字微波中继系统，一般可参照CCITT、CCIR和国家的相应指标和建议提出设计要求；而对于类似本课题所涉及的专用网的数字微波通信信道的设计指标很难给出统一的标准，需根据实际情况拟定。根据地形等实际情况，我们提出全程双向年可用性为99％，而根据实际中继段的长度，按比例将分配到各段。

关键词：通信；林区；路由计算；系统增益；设备配置

A Forest Communication Network Design Calculation

Abstract

James River Forest communication coverage area is mountainous, and many without power supply.According to James River Forest landscape considerations, the system selects the appropriate routing and networking.The phone number coding scheme in accordance with local PSTN telephone network number bit length bit-dial code, users with each other and other.The program for each base station and antenna tower height of a reliable theoretical calculations.The program for each base station and antenna tower height reliable theoretical calculations. In the organizational structure of the base station communication network in this regard, the entire construction system using communication lines "CNT - 07" wireless access equipment as the backbone equipment, selected James River Forest, Lan Mao, Wu Simeng three points as the base station construction using contour lines drawn James River Forest - Mau Mau Lan Lan Plans - Wu Simeng plan.Microwave transmission system using "W0063-2" family of digital microwave connection between the base station for 2Mbit / s data transmission, the transmission lines connected to PSTN network.James River supply difficulties, Lan Mao, Wu Simeng and all the communication point no AC and DC power, which brings some difficulties to design.Microwave routing reliability of the communication system is an extremely important factor in the design process to consider the possibility of using the system gain Gs are usually used to estimate the communication system.This topic infancy through the system gain estimates provide a reliable theoretical basis for digital microwave communication channel equipment selection.For this project shared communication channel reliability estimates for the public network of digital microwave relay system, generally referring to CCITT, CCIR and recommend appropriate indicators and national design requirements.For similar that the subject involves private network design specifications digital microwave communication channels is difficult to give a uniform standard, to be drawn according to the actual situation.According to the actual situation of terrain, we propose a two-way full-year availability of 99%, according to the actual length hops, proportionally allocated to the respective segments.

key word：communication ；Forest zone ；Route calculation ；System Gain；Device Configuration

目 录

摘 要 III

Abstract IV

第一章 引 言 6

1.1 选题背景及意义 6

1.2 数字微波通信简介 7

1.2.1 什么是微波通信？ 7

1.2.2 数字微波收、发设备的组成 8

1.3 概述及解决的主要问题 9

1.4 设计的指导思想、采用的相关方案 10

1.4.1 路由及组网方式 10

1.4.2 基站通信网的组织结构 10

1.5 微波路由设计 13

1.5.1 微波路由设计基本原理 13

1.5.2 微波路由可靠性计算 16

1.5.3 微波路由可靠性计算程序 21

1.5.4 天线高度的计算 22

第二章 设备简述和结果分析 24

2.1 设备简述 24

2.2 结果分析 24

2.3 建塔要求 24

2.4 基站建塔 25

致 谢 26

参考文献 27

第一章 引 言

1.1 选题背景及意义

通信是发送者通过在格式一些媒体来传递信息给接收方，以达到特定的目的。古代的信息传输方式有飞鸽传书、建造烽火台、符号通讯、肢体语言、眼神交流、触觉接触、邮递等。今天，科学水平已经到达了一种质的飞越，已经出现在固定电话、移动电话、广播系统、视屏通话中，还有互联网和其他通信手段,科学技术有了显著的进步。通信这项科学技术逐渐的拉近了人与人之间的距离，提高了经济效益，深刻地改变了人们的生活方式，提高了社会竞争力，提高了生活质量。

林业肩负着保护国家挺重要资源的重任，而林区独特的生态环境。 为防火办的日常工作带来了诸多挑战：地势崎岖、环境恶劣、作业危险系数较高且极易因人为或自然原因造成林区火灾。

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