基于灯光遥感数据的长三角城市化进程研究

 2022-01-17 11:01

论文总字数:18910字

目 录

1引言………………………………………………………………………3

1.1.论文选题与研究意义·······················································3

1.2国内外研究进展····························································3

1.3研究内容和基本框架························································4

2 DMSP/OLS数据简介……………………………………………………6

2.1 DMSP/OLS卫星数据简介·····················································6

2.2 三种类型的数据产品·······················································6

2.2.1辐射定标夜间平均灯光强度图像产品········································6

2.2.2非辐射定标夜间平均灯光强度图像产品······································6

2.2.3稳定灯光图像产品························································6

3 研究区域概况…………………………………………………………7

3.1 研究区域范围·····························································7

3.2 研究区自然条件···························································8

3.3 研究区社会经济条件·······················································8

4 城市化理论…………………………………………………………9

4.1 城市化内涵·······························································9

4.2 城市化评价体系与影响因素················································10

4.3 研究区城市化发展的特点··················································10

5 基于夜间灯光数据的城市区域提取………………………………10

5.1 DMSP/OLS数据预处理·······················································11

5.1.1 投影转换······························································11

5.1.2 长三角地区亮元提取····················································12

5.2 提取城镇用地面积信息····················································13

6 城市化时间和空间变化分析………………………………………16

6.1 灯光指数CNLI····························································17

6.2 城市化时间变化分析······················································17

6.3 城市化空间变化分析······················································18

7 总结与展望…………………………………………………………18

7.1 总结····································································18

7.1.1 研究区城市化信息提取··················································18

7.1.2 DMSP/OLS数据的发展前景················································19

7.2 不足····································································19

7.3 展望····································································19

参考文献………………………………………………………………20

致谢……………………………………………………………………21

基于灯光遥感数据的长三角城市化进程研究

苏旭

,China

Abstract:In this paper, DMSP/OLS stable nighttime lighting image data and the Yangtze River Delta region's geospatial data and socio-economic statistical data were used to comprehensively use remote sensing image processing methods and GIS spatial information analysis methods to select the Yangtze River Delta region as the research area and select 1992-2013. For the research period, with the support of GIS, the remote sensing image data is preprocessed, thresholds are set to extract urban land information, and finally the Yangtze River Delta region is processed from the time scale and spatial scale by using the light index CNLI and auxiliary image data. Urbanization process research. The research shows that: (1) The urbanization level in the Yangtze River Delta region from 1992 to 2013 has increased significantly. With the development of time, the urbanization process has become more and more obvious. In recent years, the trend of urbanization has been particularly rapid. Among the 16 cities in two provinces and one city, the fastest growing cities are Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, and Wuxi; the fastest growing cities in 1992-2013 were Taizhou; (2) The area of light spots in various cities has increased year by year, expanding in all directions, that is, the spatial scope has expanded. And the spatial structure is no longer single-centered, but turned to circle-level, multi-center, and network-like development.

Key words:DMSP/OLS; Yangtze River Delta Region; CNLI; Urbanization;

1引言

1.1.论文选题与研究意义

改革开放以来,我国经济快速发展,人口数量也处于持续不断增长中,逐年扩张的城镇代表着城市化进程的加快。长三角地区对我国经济增长非常重要,是我国经济最为繁荣的地区。同时,也是各项经济政策的实施地点与发展的试点,是国家重点发展的地区。在长时间序列上对长三角的城市化进程进行研究,对长三角的研究结果不仅可以快速准确的对长三角地区城镇扩展过程进行把握,还可以很大程度上反映我国改革开放以来的城市化进程。因此,对长三角的地区的城市化进程进行分析和评价是一个有意义值得研究的课题。

1.2国内外研究进展

在国外,运用灯光数据产品进行的研究多集中在以下五个方面[1-7]:绘制城市用地空间分布图、模拟城市人口密度、估算城市相关指标、分析城市化对NPP的影响和城市化对土壤的影响。

具体表现为,1995年,Gallo等利用夜间灯光数据,对热岛效应对气象记录的影像做了评价[8];1997年,Sutton等利用夜间灯光影像对区域的的人口密度进行了估算[9];1997年,Elvidge等人得出结论,即各国的灯光面积与国内的生产总值这两者之间具有很强的相关性[10];2003年,Milesi利用线性回归方法,通过选取设定阈值来提取城市的空间信息,并以美国的土地覆盖数据集和美国的人口数据作为参考,对城市扩展对植被初级净生产力的影响进行了研究[11]

在国内,DMSP/OLS产品自2000年以来陆续被利用来研究我国的人口问题、城市化进程问题以及城市化空间格局与演变。2003年,陈晋等人利用非辐射定标类型的夜间灯光平均强度数据构建了指数,这个指数可以用来反映区域的城市化水平,在国内,这不仅仅是首次分析该灯光指数与我国城市化程度的相关性,也是第一次提出利用灯光指数对我国的城市化进程及其时空分异进行分析与监测[12];同年,卓莉等通过对比DMSP/OLS的三景夜间平均灯光强度影像,构建了灯光指数CNLI用来反映区域城市化综合水平,并将这个指标应用于我国省际城市化水平空间格局和变化特征的研究中[13]。2005年,何春阳等利用三期夜间灯光数据,对环渤海地区点、面、线状空间信息进行提取,对20世纪90年代环渤海地区的城市地理空间演化过程进行了深入而系统的分析[14].2009年,曹丽琴等利用DMSP/OLS灯光遥感数据,参考社会人口统计数据,在GIS平台上,建立了2000年的湖北各市县的人口模型,对湖北省2002年的人口数量进行了预测[15]。2010年,阴英超利用DMSP/OLS非辐射定标的夜间灯光数据以及其它一些社会经济统计资料,构建了新疆地区的城市化水平指标-CNLI,并对新疆地区的天山北坡经济带的城市化水平、过程和格局变化特征进行了评价[16]

1.3研究内容和基本框架

目前统计的中国城市用地的面积数据缺乏地理空间信息,很难满足空间格局研究和城市化进程研究的需要,本文利用社会经济统计资料与划分阈值提取遥感影像信息相结合的方法,对长三角地区城市化进程进行分析。从时间上,选取1992年到2013年的数据,对时间序列上长三角地区的城市化进程进行分析与讨论。空间上,系统分析了长三角地区城市空间演化进程。对长三角地区的时空特征进行了分析。

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