基于plc的六层电梯控制系统的设计

论文总字数：20241字

目 录

摘要················································1

Abstract··············································2

1、绪 论 ·············································3

1.1 电梯的概述..............................................................................................................3

1.1.1  电梯的分类......................................................................................................3

1.1.2  电梯的组成 .....................................................................................................3 

1.1.3电梯的工作原理 ..............................................................................................4

1.2 PLC控制电梯的优势..............................................................................................4

1.3电梯的发展趋势..................................................................................................... 5

1.4 课题研究内容 ....................................................................................................... 5 

2、国内外现状········································6

2.1 国内现状..................................................................................................................6

2.2 国外现状..................................................................................................................7

2.3 所存在的问题..........................................................................................................8

3、硬件系统组成 ······································9

3.1西门子S7-200PLC型PLC的简介.......................................................................... 9

3.2 PLC的梯形图语言（LD）.......................................................................................9

3.3电梯控制系统主电路和控制电路设计…………………………………….…….. 9

4．软件设计··········································10

4.1 电梯的控制要求 .....................................................................................................10

4.2电梯的运行流程 ......................................................................................................11

4.3 输入/输出（I/O）端口设计 ................................................................................12

4.4可编程控制器（PLC）CPU的选型........................................... .............................13

4.5梯形图程序 ..............................................................................................................16

5．结果及评论········································35

5.1 梯形图程序的主要功能.........................................................................................35

5.2调试结果..................................................................................................................36

5.3评论..........................................................................................................................39

6．总结··············································39

参考文献·············································40

致谢·················································41

基于plc的六层电梯控制系统的设计

刘伟奇

，China

Abstract: Relay contactor control system more complicated by the traditional elevator system, there is high reliability and automatic control, the working efficiency of the equipment is not high, so this paper designs a set of PLC as the core of the six floor elevator control system to solve the problem. The SIEMENS S7-200 type PLC is designed in this paper using the model. Through the analysis of the elevator control system, it can be divided into two parts of control system and speed control system, rotary encoder output pulse signal and PLC signal processing, frequency converter and PLC connection, finally realizes the elevator vertical motion and automatic speed control. Finally, the SIEMENS programming software is used to carry out the software programming, and the control requirements are achieved by simulation and debugging. Finally, the operation of the elevator becomes comfortable and safe.

Key words: Elevator; PLC; ladder diagram

1、绪论

随着国内经济的高速发展和房地产市场的空前繁荣，大量的高层建筑如雨后春笋般出现在中国大地上，电梯成了高层建筑必不可少的设备并得到了快速发展。传统电梯因为技术，资金等问题，采用继电器-接触器系统，这种系统存在着故障频发，维修不方便，使用寿命短，占用空间大等缺点，难以继续广泛使用。为了提高自动控制系统的可靠性和设备的工作效率，本文设计了一套以PLC为核心控制器的电梯自动控制系统，用以替代以往的较复杂的继电器-接触器控制[1]。

可编程控制器（PLC）从其产生到现在，实现了继电器接线逻辑到存储逻辑的飞跃；其功能从弱到强，实现了逻辑控制到数字控制；其应用领域越来越广，实现了单体设备简单控制到胜任运动控制、过程控制及集散控制等各种任务的跨越。如今的PLC在处理模拟量、算术运算、人机接口和组网的各方面能力都已大大提高，成为自动化控制领域的主流控制器，在各行各业发挥着巨大的作用。鉴于其各种优点，为改善电梯的可靠性，保证安全运行，在原变频器基础上采用PLC控制，合理选择和设计对传统改造，进一步提高可靠性、运行的舒适感，达到较为理想的控制效果[2]。同时，由于发展电机交流变频调速技术的巨大成功，原来的由电机直流调速的电梯的拖动方式已经逐渐跟不上时代的步伐，由电机交流变频调速进行的电梯拖动方式已经成为了主流。它不仅能满足乘客对舒适感的要求，也能保证电梯运行时精度的平稳，还可以减少能耗，降低运行费用，实现绿色电梯的目标。因此，PLC控制技术和交流变频调速技术已成为现代电梯技术发展的一个热点。

1.1电梯的概述

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