磁性二氧化钛复合材料的制备

论文总字数：16248字

目 录

摘要······················································1

Abstract···················································2

1 引言····················································3

1.1 吸波材料的吸波原理···················································3

1.2吸波材料的研究现状····················································3

1.2.1微波的应用与吸波材料的发展······································3

1.2.2 吸波材料的分类··················································4

1.3吸波材料的未来发展····················································5

1.4复合材料的优势及现状··················································6

1.5二氧化钛复合材料的研究现状及优势······································6

2 实验····················································7

2.1 材料·································································7

2.2 二氧化钛/明胶复合材料的制备··········································7

2.3 二氧化钛/碳复合材料的制备············································8

2.4 二氧化钛/碳/钴复合材料的制备··········································8

3 表征····················································8

3.1 扫描电子显微镜·······················································8

3.2透射电子显微镜························································8

3.3 X射线衍射分析························································8

4 结果与讨论··············································8

4.1 XRD分析······························································8

4.2 扫面电子显微镜分析····················································9

4.3 透射电子显微镜分析···················································11

5结论····················································12

参考文献·················································13

致谢·····················································14

磁性二氧化钛复合材料的制备

江帆

，China

Abstract：We prepared titanium dioxide composite by sol-gel method. Butyl titanate（C₁₆H₃₆O₄Ti）was used as the main material for preparation. Through the preparation, we first got the composite material of titanium dioxide and gelatin, and then calcined in nitrogen to form titanium dioxide/ carbon composite; The titanium dioxide/carbon/cobalt composite is formed by the electroless plating method on the surface of titanium dioxide/carbon material. The materials were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Through the observation of the XRD patterns, we know that anatase titanium dioxide can be formed at 600 ℃ under nitrogen, and rutile titanium dioxide can be formed at 800 ℃. By SEM and TEM, we can know the size and morphology of the prepared materials, and their size of the nanoscale. The particles of titanium dioxide/carbon/cobalt particles are irregular in shape, and the particles in addition to other materials tend to be spherical. The reason for this is due to the metal cobalt plated on the surface of titanium dioxide/carbon particles.

Key words：Composites; Sol-gel method; Nano; Preparation; Titanium dioxide

1 引言

1.1 吸波材料的吸波原理

吸波材料的全称为电磁波吸收材料，是指能吸收、衰减入射的电磁波，并将其电磁能转换成热能耗散掉或使电磁波因干涉而衰减的一类材料^[1]。由于吸波材料有着非常特别的电磁波吸收性能，在现在的社会中发挥着越来越大的作用，也成为了材料学等研究的热点。

随着电子设备被广泛应用，电磁污染已经成为一个不容人们忽视的问题，和各大环境问题一样有待人们的解决，但是通过研究发现，吸波材料可以很好地解决这一问题。

吸收电磁波的材料与他的吸波结构必须依靠电磁波在介质里的传播原理才能被制备完成，优良的吸波材料一定得具有两个条件：（1）电磁波经过材料时，必须要想办法对入射的电磁波进行有效的吸收或将其进行衰减，因此吸波材料的衰减特性就必须纳入考量；（2）减少电磁波入射时的直接反射也是考虑的重点，为了使电磁波在到达材料表面时能够尽量地进入到材料的内部，那么电磁匹配特性就要在制备吸波材料时被重点研究^[2]。

从而我们可以知道，优良的吸波材料要从两方面考量。一个是衰减特性，材料对电磁波的吸收是吸波材料完成其工作的基本原理。损耗因子、复介电常数、复磁导率等这些参数是我们在研究吸波材料性能时主要的参考标准,介电损耗与磁损耗是影响吸波材料性能的因素，提高材料的介电损耗和磁损耗是提高其性能的最基本的方法^[3]。另一方面还需考虑阻抗匹配。阻抗匹配指的是吸波材料的波阻抗和自由空间的波阻抗相匹配或者两者接近匹配。只有这样，入射的电磁波才能大量地进入材料内部，所以我们能够知道，吸波材料和自由空间的波阻抗是关键。而入射表面上的电磁波反射系数则是由于表面处的波阻抗和自由空间的波阻抗两者间的差异产生，并由其决定的。从上面两个方面我们可以知道，如果想要提升材料对电磁波的吸收性能，我们需要在提升介电损耗还有磁损耗的同时，还要有着与其相应的阻抗匹配。因为单一材料制备成的吸波材料很难同时满足上面两个条件，所以我们会把单一材料通过各种方式进行复合从而制备出复合材料，因为在制备的时候能够在有着较好的匹配条件的同时调节电磁参数，这应该是制备优良吸波材料的一种很有用的方法。

• 1. 吸波材料的研究现状

近几十年来，随着电磁波的广泛应用，吸波材料无论在军事还是生活上都受到了人们高度的关注，并得到了前所未有的发展。高性能的吸波材料已经成为研究的重中之重，而制备出优良的吸波材料更是当下研究的重要目标。

1.2.1微波的应用与吸波材料的发展

一种事物的普及和人们对它的需求是分不开的。微波的应用，给我们带来了极大的便利，不论是在和我们息息相关的生活上，还是在世界背后暗中涌动的军事上。

在生活中，随着电子信息技术的飞速发展，人们的生活已经进入电子化、信息化时代，这些技术的广泛应用一方面给人们的工作生活带来极大的便利，从我们所使用的各种家用电器、手机、电脑等就可以感受到这些方便。然而，另一方面也同时向空间福射出大量不同波长和频率的电磁波，形成电磁福射污染,并且我们人类看不见他，所以可谓是一种真正的隐形的杀手。令人欣慰的是，人们也开始意识到了这种情况，在追求生活质量的同时，也在不断加强自我防护和保护环境的意识。由此可见，现在吸波材料的研究已经成为重中之重。

军事上的竞争是推动技术发展，文明进步的一大促因。并且现在的战争是信息化的战争，谁能在信息上抢得先手，谁就能在局面上占有优势。因此谋求武器装备的隐身化已成为军事强国角逐军事高新技术的热点之一^[4]。此外，随着雷达探测系统的迅猛发展，改善隐身效果的一个重要途径就是提高材料的吸波性能，制备有效的吸波材料。

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